- Base: 2 cm from strnum costae 3rd right, 1 cm from the sternum costae kke-2 left
- Apex: 4 cm from the sternum intercostae the 5th left
Pericardium covering the heart which consists of two layers of
- Visceral pericardium
- Parietal pericardium
- Among the 2nd layer of lubricating fluid contained
- Go under the border with the diaphragm
Consists of the heart lining :
- Perikardium
- Miokardium (muscle layer)
- Endokardium (endothelial lining)
The room is divided into two separate heart
- Non-cardiac top = atrium
- Non-cardiac bottom = ventricular
1. Right Atrium
- The walls are thin
- Serves as a storage and distribution of venous blood and coronary sinus Kava to the right ventricle and then to the lungs
- In the mouth of the vena cava there is no real valve, which is the folds of the valve or ribbons only a rudimentary muscle separating the vena cava from the atrium, a result increase in right atrial pressure would be reversed back in the systemic circulation.
- 80% of venous return to the atria passively flows through the valve into the right ventrikrel trikuspidalis
- 20% fill ventrikrel with atrial contraction "atrial kick".
2. Right ventricle
- On the contraction of the ventricles, each ventricle must generate a large force
- The crescent shape right ventricle contractions produces low pressure which is sufficient to drain into the pulmonary artery
- Circulation of pulmonary blood flow is low pressure system with a much smaller resistance to the flow of blood from the right ventricle compared to high pressure in the systemic circulation to the flow of the working left ventricle of the right ventricle left ventricular wall thickness of the right ventricle 1 / 3 of ventricular wall thickness left
3. Left atrium
- Receive an already in air stream blood from the lungs through the pulmonary vein to the 4
- Between the left atrium with the pulmonary venous valves no real consequence when there is change in pressure in the left atrium retrograde into the pulmonary artery.
- Thin walled and low-pressure
- Blood flows from left atrium into the left ventricle through the mitral valve
4. Left ventricle
- Must generate high pressure to overcome pressure systemic circulation and maintain blood flow to peripheral
- Having a thick muscle that resembles a circle and facilitate the formation of high pressure during ventricular contraction, even septumnya help strengthen pressure
- When the contraction, the pressure in the left ventricle will be 5 times larger than the right ventricle
There are 2 of heart valve
1. Valve Atrioventrikuler
- Valve trikuspidalis, located on the right and has three valve leaflets
- Valve mitralis, located on the left and has two valve leaflets (bikuspidalis)
- This valve opens passively to respond to changes in pressure and volume in the chambers of the heart and blood vessels
- Leaf valve tethered through a thin beam fibrous tissue (cordae tendinae) and extends Þotot namely papillary muscle bulge in the ventricle wall
2. Valve semilunaris
- Terlatak aortic valve between the left ventricle with the aorta
- Pulmonary valve is located between the right ventricle with pulmonary artery
- The shape is similar and consists of three symmetric valve leaflets, resembling a funnel which strongly anchored in the annulus fibrosus
- Prevents back flow of blood from the aorta / pulmonary artery, while the ventricular recess
- Right above the aortic valve leaflets, there are 3 pockets protruding from the wall of the aorta and pulmonary artery, sinus Valsalva, coronary artery lies in the estuary
- Sinus serve to protect the estuary from the blockage of coronary arteries by the valve leaflets when the valve opens
Conduction network has the properties
1. Automation, the ability to generate impulses spontaneously
2. Ritmisasi, generating a regular impulse
3. Conductivity, the ability to channel impulse
4. Ransang power, the ability to respond to stimulus
- Cardiac impulse from the sinus atrial node (SA Node), as a natural pacemaker located in the heart of the posterior wall of the right atrium, near the mouth of the superior vena cava.
- From the SA node impulse to the AV node is located above the septum trikularis intervention in the right atrium near the mouth of the coronary sinus.
- AV node function for
1. Keep cardiac impulse during 0.08 to 0.12 seconds, in order to ventricular filling during atrial contraction
2. Set the number of impulses that enter the atrium and ventricle is usually not more than 180 impulses / min
- When the SA node fail or not to generate impulses, will be taken over by:
• The AV node ± 40-60 beats / minute
• Purkinje system is 20-40 beats / minute
SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION SYSTEM
1. Arteria
• The walls of the aorta and large arteries contain elastic tissue and smooth muscle
• The left ventricle pumps blood into the aorta with high pressure
• Network artery contains ± 15% of the total blood volume circuit low volume but high-pressure and arterial branches called the circuit resistance
2. Arteriole
• The walls consist of smooth muscle with few elastic fibers
• muscular wall is very sensitive and can be dilated / contracted to regulate blood flow
3. Capillary
• The walls are very thin, consisting of the endothelial cell layer
• Place berdifusinya nutrients and metabolism of high concentration regions to low concentration which depends on the relative balance between hydrostatic and osmotic pressure
4. Venules
• Serves as the collector
• The wall is relatively weak but sensitive muscle
• At a meeting between the capillary with post-capillary venules are spingter
5. Vena
• Walls are relatively thin
• The flow direction of the vein to the heart, because a valve
• Vena as high volume and relative pressure system capacity, ± 65% of blood volume contained in the venous system, but this capacity can be changed by vasoconstriction, which can force the blood moving forward toward the heart and dilated venous return.
• Pressure from the capillaries to the heart is influenced by 2 factors
1. Venous pressure by skeletal muscle
2. Changes in the chest cavity and abdominal pressure during respiration
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