Urinary system

Consisting of:
- Kidney (Ren) right and left
- Right and left ureter
- Bladder (vesika urinaria)
- Urethra.


Renal (REN)
There are 2 pieces right and left are located on the rear wall of the upper abdominal cavity on the right and left vertebral column, behind the peritoneum.
There are 3 layers of renal sheath:
1. are directly attached to the kidney (fibrous sheath), which consists of connective tissue with many elastic fibers and the sheath is very easy to disconnect = fibrous capsule
2. in temgah fat-center there is a handy sheath sebgai = capsule adipose renal protective
3. Outermost layer consists of connective tissue is very hard = renal

The concave part of the kidney = hilum Renis, the hollow section = pelvic Renis, from pelvic Renis then proceed to the ureter. In the pelvis empties Renis kaliks major, major estuary on kaliks keliks minor, the minor keliks empties into the renal papilla which is the culmination of the renal pyramids.
on each papillary renal papillary duct empties much so that in the papilla there are a lot of the holes = kribrosa area. Dense part consists of 2 parts: the cortex, the outer bag which reddish brown and medulla, the middle of the color violet / purple.

The smallest unit of the kidney makes urine dapta = nephron.
Consisting of:
1. the base is shaped like a bowl KORPUSKULUM
2. part of a channel for bringing prospective urinary tubules.

Tubules consisting of a base close to the corpus kulum malpighi proximal tubule, whereas the remaining part of the tip that lead to the papillary renal distal tubule.

Kidney function:
- Create and remove urine from the kidney
- Disposing of waste material as a metabolic waste
- Set the water balance in the body
- Set the acid-base balance of blood in the body
- Adjust the salt concentration and ion balance in the blood.

Urine MAKING PROCESS IN KIDNEY
Three kinds of mechanisms for the manufacture of urine in the nephron:
1. Filtration: filtration,
2. Reabsorption: Absorption return
3. Secretion: direct expenditure

Factors that influence the making of urine:
1. Factors Neorologik
2. Hormonal Factors
3. Kidneys Work Automation factors.
Reabsorption of water is controlled by the hormone ADH (Anti Diuretic Hormone). Number of urine is released due to lack of hormone ADH = Diabetes Insifidus.
Urine STRUCTURE
Normal yellowish density 1015-1025
Composition = 96% water, 2% urea, salt / uric acid / creatinine 2%
Ureter
There are a pair of runs from the pelvis toward the vesika urinaria Renis. Located at the rear of the abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity. Length 25-30 cm.

The walls there are 3 layers:
- Most in = mucosal layer,
- Amid = smooth muscle layer
- Most foreign = connective tissue layer fibrosis.
Smooth muscle layer mampunyai peristaltic power to push urine into vesika urinaria.
Vesika Urinaris / Bladder
It is a muscular bag as a container of urine before released. It lies behind the pelvic cavity just behind the symphysis osium fubis. If full to capacity up to 300 cc and even more because the walls can be renggangkan.
Estuary both ureters and urethra form the base of the pit area a small equilateral triangle with sides of length 3cm = TRIGONUM VESIKE

Urine spending ways of Vesika urinaria = miksi = BAK
Normally the smooth muscle layer of the wall in a state of contraction visika urinaria ringan.visika urinaria accommodate the contents of urine from the kidneys gradually through the ureter until finally vesika full urinaria. A feeling of fullness that's what caused the desire to miksi. vesika sfingster muscle while still in a state of contraction for the urine do not get out.
Urethral
Is the outlet of urine from the urinary vesika out of the body. There is a difference between male and female urethra. In men uretranya not walk straight but turn. length 15-20 cm.
Urethra in women and straight short walk to the bottom and front, 2.5 to 4 cm in length

Male urethra is 3 parts:
1.bagian base = the prostate,
2.bagian middle = section membranous urethra = the diaphragm
3.bagian tip = section cavernous.