Anticancer

Cancer is a disease characterized by cell disruption or failure of regulatory mechanisms of multiplication and other homeostatic functions in multicellular organisms.


A common trait of cancer:
1. Excessive growth, generally in the form of tumor.
2. Impaired differentiation of cells and tissues.
3. Invasive nature, able to grow in the surrounding tissue.
4. Are metastatic, spread somewhere else and cause new growth.
5. Having heriditas congenital, derived cancer cells can also cause cancer.
6. The shift of metabolism towards the formation of macromolecules of nucleosides and amino acids and carbohydrates for energy increased ketabolisme cells.
• Work anticancer mainly based on disruption at one of the essential cell process, citizens and governments because there is no difference between cancer cells and normal cells (cytotoxic).
• On the spread of cancer treatment is not cure, but is merely a palliative for symptoms, prevention of complications, psychological support and to prolong life.

Anticancer based on its cell cycle is classified into 2, namely:
1. Showed selective toxicity toward the cells were proliferated called Cell Cycle specific substance (CCS), which is effective against cancers with high proliferative characteristics, such as cell
blood. Examples of drugs: vincristine, vinblastine, cytarabine, Fluorouracil, Azositidin, Bleomisin,
Merkaptopurin, Tioguanin, Hydroxy-urea, and methotrexate.
2. Cell Cycle Non-specific substances (CCNS), which is useful in tumors that grow slowly or quickly. Example drugs: Mekloretamin, Cyclophosphamide, Melfalan, Tiotepa, Mitomisin, Daktinomisin, Daksorubisin, daunorubicin and Cisplatalin.

Based on its anticancer divided by 4, namely:
1. Substance pengalkil or Alkilator, drug samples: Cyclophosphamide, Klorambusil, Busulfan, Melfalan, ifosfamide and Lomustin.
2. Antibiotics, drug samples: Doxorubicin, Bleomisin, Mitomisin and Epirubisin.
3. Antimetabolite, drug samples: Methotrexate, Fluorouracil, cytarabine and Merkaptopurin.
4. Alkaloids Vinka, examples of drugs: vincristine, and vinblastine Vindesin.

Hormone that functions as an anticancer are:
1. Hormones Estrogen, for prostate and breast cancer therapy, drug samples: Stilbestrol, ethinylestradiol and Fosferol - Tetrasodium.
2. Progesterone for the treatment of breast and endometrial cancer, drug samples: Megestrol and Medroksi-Progesterone Acetate.
3. Androgen, for breast cancer therapy, drug samples: Testosterone propionate and Fluoksimesteron.