Definition Epidemiology

1. Origin said:
Epi: on, above, superficial, overwrite
Demo: population, human, people
Ology: the science of learning
2. Epidemiology is the science which studies the things that befall humans.
3. Epidemiology is the science that studies the distribution and frequency of disease in populations and faktor-
Faktor/determinan that affect the distribution and frequency.
4. The study is the frequency and distribution of the determinants of disease in populations.
5. Epidemiology is the science that studies the frequency and distribution as well as deteminan of health status or the events associated with health status in a population and the application of this science is used to control health problems.

MAIN OBJECTIVES Epidemiology

Identifying groups at a population that have a high risk of a disease (High risk group). Can identify factors or characteristics of the group.

EPIDEMIOLGI APPROACH

is a way how an epidemiological identify movement or the cause of a disease.

SPECIFIC PURPOSE OF Epidemiology

1. To identify the etiology or movement of a disease and risk factors, ie factors that increase the risk of something to get the disease.
2. To determine the effect of disease on society:
- As a burden on the community
- Input for planning the provision of health care facilities
3. To study the natural history of disease and prognosis of a disease, certain diseases more serious than other diseases. Some quick legih disease cause death than other diseases
4. To evaluate preventive measures and treatment and the ways health services are offered.
5. To control health problems.


THE CONCEPT OF DISEASE PREVENTION

• If the risk groups have been identified, then prevention efforts can be made directly at risk groups, eg by screening.
• If risk factors have been identified, it can be done modifications to these risk factors, thus preventing the occurrence of disease, eg diet with high fat diet was changed to a diet with fiber foods.

Focus of observation:

• Medical clinic patients, people, individual
• Epidemiology Group of individuals

Field of science that requires epidemiological

1. Medical clinics: info about the diagnosis of disease.
2. Biology: info about the nature, characteristics, sources, modes of transmission of disease agents.
3. Chemistry and Physics: info about the hazardous substances or conditions that are hazardous to health.
4. Demographics: info about the composition and characteristics of community
5. Anthropology and Sociology: info about the habits, customs and social character of the community.
6. Genetics and Psychology: info about the nature of genetic and psychological conditions.
7. Statitik and biostatistics: info about the birth, morbidity and mortality in populations and individuals
8. Meteorology: info on air and climate of a region

NATURE OF SCIENCE Epidemiology

1. Descriptive: frequency, distribution
2. Analytical: hypotheses to be tested
3. Constructive: combining some results of research into a concept or a new theory.